Longitudinal sampling from rainwater tanks and mains water throughout Australia was utilised to analyse the metal and elements in water supplies. A majority of analysed samples were compliant with Australian Drinking Water Guideline values for metal and elements, although 12% of samples exceeded guideline values for one or more element. However, repeated non-compliance with guidelines was rare.

Longitudinal sampling from rainwater tanks throughout Australia was employed to analyse the microbial ecosystems in water supplies. Epidemiological research indicates that drinking rainwater does not create averse health impacts. The concept that domestic rainwater storage tanks may host sustainable microbial ecosystems that improve water quality has not previously been addressed. The bacterial diversity, cultivated from more than 80 samples from 22 tanks at various locations across eastern Australia, is presented as evidence of potential operation of a functional micro-ecology within rainwater storage systems. In combination with low abundance of bacteria associated with faecal contamination, the results indicate high quality water and beneficial ecosystem processes. A recent presentation to the RHAA on water quality processes in rainwater harvesting systems is also provided.

This presentation draws on insights from pioneering systems analysis to develop insights for water, environment and planning policies to ensure future liveability and affordability of Australian Cities, involvement in drafting policies and work on the revision of Australian Rainfall and Runoff. Urban settlements subject ongoing temporal and spatial change that is driven by demographic, economic, political, environmental, cultural and social factors. This is a bottom up process. A new paradigm is emerging that is change from complete reliance on centralised options to diverse water management strategies that incorporates linked solutions at many scales. Water management strategies emerging from focus on “lumpy” investments in regional infrastructure. This involves a change in approach from consultants, bureaucracy and authorities with a focus on liveable cities. This involves inclusion of smaller scale options and alternative business models.